The English word 'landscape' has several meanings: 1: do landscape gardening; 2: an expanse of scenery that can be seen in a single view; 3: a genre of art dealing with the depiction of natural...
At TU Delft we We asked 20 Landscape designers and other Experts to answer that question. http://dgj.ch/research/lectures.html
By tactonic movements and volcanic action , geological uplifting etc.
Less rugged hills
Farmer clearing land for fields. Carving faces on Mt. Rushmore. Dams on rivers.