How does transgenesis work?

Answer 1

Stage 1;

The scientist gets a sample of the gene that is to be transferred from one organism to another. Enzymes are used to cut the gene from the DNA, and then the gene is allowed to insert itself into tiny circles of bacterial DNA called plasmids. In this process, a lot of other bits of DNA are added to the plasmids. The plasmids with the desired gene are allowed to infect a culture of bacterial cells, and then the bacterial cells that have succeeded in acquiring the plasmid with the desired gene are identified. They are then grown as a pure cell culture, each being a clone of identical cells that bears a different gene.

Stage 2;

From the clones, the one that bears the desired gene is selected. To accomplish this, a radioactive probe, which is a mirror image of the desired gene, is used.

Stage 3:

The gene is transferred into the plant. In some species, this can be done through using infectious plant plasmids carrying the desired gene to penetrate the cell wall. In other plants, the cell wall is removed, the cells are zapped with electricity which briefly opens pores in the cell membrane and allows the plasmid with the desired gene to slip through. The more commonly used approach is to literally shoot the gene into the plant cells using a particle gun. The gene is coated onto tiny gold pellets and loaded into the gun. When the gun is fired, a burst of high-pressure helium gas slams a DNA-coated pellet through the thick cell wall and into the interior of the cell. Once inside the cell, the injected gene dissolves from the pellet and combines with the cell's own DNA. The cells that have received a pellet are selected and using tissue culture techniques, the cells are induces into developing adult plants. The process is complete.

Answer 2

A genetically modified organism is made through the following process:

1) A new combination of genetic material is constructed by using enzymes (which serve as catalysts to induce reactions in organisms) to cut and join DNA from various sources

2) "Expression cassettes," which consist of a promoter (which enables the genetic material to be read by the cell), the new gene, and a terminator, are created

3) The construct is spliced into a plasmid (a parasitic piece of DNA in bacteria which multiplies independently of the chromosome) so that the construct may be copied numerous times

4) The copies are then introduced into the cells or embryos of organisms.

As for the final step, there are various means by which genes may be inserted into the organisms and some of the most common methods include: mechanical means such as through a fine glass pipette or particle bombardment (fine particles of gold or tungsten are coated with the DNA construct and fired in with a gene gun), creating pores with strong electric fields in the gene membrane to let the DNA in, and through splicing genes into a vector (a gene carrier made of a virus or bacteria which can enter cells)

Answer 3

It works in making technological invented food and making more scares food. Like chicken is being genetically grown to grow faster because of large demand.

Answer 4

It's when a scientist takes a gene from an organism and transfers it into another organism.

Answer 5

is when animals all die

Answer 6

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