In terms of engines, an external combustion engine such as a steam engine burns fuel outside of the pressure cylinder used to drive the piston. An internal combustion engine such as a petrol or...
External fertilization would be a fish laying unfertilized eggs and the male depositing sperm on top of the eggs, which fertilize the eggs out of the female fish's body, or externally. Internal...
external forces would be someone lifting something like a book, internal forces would be raising your kinetic energy by raising the mass of an object and releasing its energry