How is the rate of respiration controlled?

Answer:
The primary stimulus to respiration is the level of C02 in the brain. As C02 rises the drive to increase the rate of breathing is increased. As that rate increases the levels of C02 within the blood decrease and the drive is depressed. This is called a feedback response loop. In addition very low levels of oxygen in the blood can also increase the drive to respiration but unless you are climbing a very high mountain it isn't normally relevant.
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