There were two Jewish temples: the first was built by King Solomon in about 960 BCE, and was destroyed by the Babylonians in 586 BCE. The second was built by the returning Jewish exiles (who had been taken to Babylon [modern Iraq] by the Babylonians, but were freed by the Persians in 539 BCE), roughly around 515 BCE. This second Temple was extended and beautified by King Herod the Great (reigned 37-4 BCE). It was destroyed by the Romans in 70 CE. Jews who follow Orthodox tradition (and some Conservative/masorti Jews) hope for the rebuilding of the Third Temple when the messiah comes.
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