For example, let ____ ____ _____ ____ be the 4 digit number, now 1 can either go in to the first spot or 4 can. So there are 2 choices for that spot, and similarly two for the next spot and the next and the last. So there are 2^4 =16 combinations of 1 and 4 if we make 4 digit numbers. (this uses the multiplication rule)
To help a little more to see it, look at just the two digit number, It should have 2^2=4 choices by the logic above.
Here they are:
11,14,41,44 and that's it!.
See how we had two choices for each digit?