How many kinds of sentences are there?

There are five ways that sentences are classified:

10 according to basic pattern
4 according to structure (may be only 3)
4 according to use
3 according to style (may be 4)
7 according to variety
 

Types by pattern (3 being, 2 linking, 5 action)

1. Subject - Being Verb - Adverb
2. Subject - Being Verb - Adjective (Predicate Adjective)
3. Subject - Being Verb - Noun (Predicate Nominative)
4. Subject - Linking Verb - Adjective (Predicate Adjective)
5. Subject - Linking Verb - Noun (Predicate Nominative)
6. Subject - Action Verb (Intransitive)
7. Subject - Action Verb - Direct Object (Transitive)
8. Subject - Action Verb - Indirect Object - Direct Object (to or for, what)
9. Subject - Action Verb - Direct Object - Adjective (Object Complement)
10. Subject - Action Verb - Direct Object - Noun (Object Appositive)

A briefer version uses only 7 sentence patterns:

1. S+V / (subject-intransitive verb)
2. S+V+SP / (subject-linking verb-adverb)
3. S+V+A / (subject-linking verb-adjective)
4. S+V+DO / (subject-transitive verb-direct object
5. S+V+IO+DO / (subject-transitive verb-indirect object-direct object)
6. S+V+O+A / (subject-transitive verb-direct object-adverb)
7. S+V+DO+OP / subject-transitive verb-direct object-object complement

 

Types by structure:

1. SIMPLE
2. COMPOUND
3. COMPLEX
4. *COMPOUND-COMPLEX

 

Types by use:

1. DECLARATIVE
2. INTERROGATIVE
3. IMPERATIVE
4. EXCLAMATORY

 

Types by style:

1. Loose sentence - the main point is stated, with following clauses
2. Periodic sentence - the main point is in a preceding dependent clause
3. Balanced sentence - two parts of the sentence compared in the same form

(sometimes) 4. Cumulative sentence - main point presaged by description