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In multi-species grazing, with cows, goats, and sheep in the same pasture or paddock together, it can be seen that the cattle prefer the grass, sheep the forbs (broad-leafed herbs), and goats the browse (woody herbs and shrubs). Each species does eat of all three categories, but the animals select their respective plants first, moving to other plants later. My research has focused on miniature dairy goats on intensively managemed pasture (attempting a zero grain, low hay diet). I live in subtropical Florida, so we have green grass all year round. Though my interest is in goats, the bulk of information available is on cattle, so most of my collected knowledge relates to grass rather than browse (and forbs least of all). My research has shown that, intensively managed, my 0.6-ac backyard with low natural fertility will be sufficient for a herd of between 6 and 8 goats (average weight of each miniture goat is 75-lbs). That being said, the University of Minnesota Extension Service has put out a very in-depth publication on intensively managed grazing called "Grazing Systems Planning Guide", which is available online. Also, the NCAT has good info on sustainable agriculture at www.attra.ncat.org The chance of goats (or sheep) getting infected with worms becomes much greater as they graze close to the ground (minimum grazing height is 2 to 4-in. Do Not Graze Below 2-in or you WILL have worm problems eventually.) The nutrition of the grass is at its peak just before seed head formation. Therefore, a paddock in Bermuda grass that is at least 6-in or up to 10-in high is ready to be grazed. Note, if it is lawn currently (maximum height less than 4 or 6-in), it will have a shallow root system and will not get to the minimum recommended grazing height before wide-spread seed-head formation. Go ahead and graze it with a high stocking rate for short durations to add manure (i.e. natural fertilizer) to it and leave it alone until seed-head formation becomes wide-spread again. Repeated application of manure and sufficient periods of assimilation will strengthen the roots and cause the sward to grow taller giving you more forage. The volume of feed is found by taking the area of each paddock and multiplying it by the difference between the initial height and the final height of the grass. Multiply this by a "weight per inch" of the species of forage, then by an efficiency ratio (the amount of grass actually consumed to the amount available), and finally by an "intake per day" ratio to determine the size of each paddock and the duration your herd can stay on each. The design length of time that the paddock requires to assimilate will dictate the number of paddocks you'll need. A lot of this is best determined by experience rather than numbers, but try to research about your grass as well as you can. When forage quality is low (like in the winter here, which means the late fall and early spring in most other places), you'll be moving the herd through each paddock quickly so as to not deplete and kill your stand. Forage duration can get longer during optimum growth. One more thing: my pastures will be planted in a warm season pernninel grass (such as Bermuda or Bahaia) mixed with a perennial legume (like clover or perennial peanut). That is important. During the winter here, I will overseed with a cool season annual grass (probably ryegrass) and maybe a cool season annual legume if I find that my herd requires it for health and production.

They'll also need a mineral source (like a salt lick) to make up for any deficienies in your soil. And, of course, constant access to clean water is a must for any animal (humans included).

Remeber, ruminants were designed by God to graze, not subsist on a grain-heavy, high input diet. If you want to feed your animals a high energy, low nutrient diet and give them a few hundred feet of "excercise yard", that's what most people do. But if you want healthy animals, especially if you desire a top-quality milk or fiber, then you'll want to invest in the grazing-based approach detailied here.

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Q: How much lawnyard do you need to pasture a sheep or a goat?
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