Depending on your state, but first you must have a licensed maser electrician on board. If you are or going to hire one, then in some states like Virginia, you can establish your electrical business in few days. Although in many states does not take more than couple weeks.
So in other words the tough part is getting the master electrician license. In Virginia, for example you must be journeyman for at least one year before you are allowed to set for the master electrician exam. Now formal education is required within this year, only work experience. I believe this is the case in many states. Becoming, a journeyman is another story. In Virginia for example, the state may let you set for the journeyman electrician exam with no formal education if you can prove ten years of practical experience being an electrician. If not then the requirement are different based on how much experience you have in the field. If none exist, then four years of formal education is required along work experience.
Again it is state based process and you need to contact your states licensing department and ask them to provide you with requirements in that state. Don't waste your time trying to self educate yourself about state requirements from the net. Trouble is that states are becoming more strict by the year and you may find yourself either wasting time on unneeded steps or worse doing nothing to get you what you need.