It really depends on the amount of damage, your past driving record, any extenuating circumstances (like driving under the influence), etc.
If it's a minor accident, you may never see a rate increase, though your carrier will have a record of the accident and might consider it if, say, you make another claim.
Also, if you received a ticket for the accident, that could affect your rates as well.
Your best bet is to call your agent and ask him or her. Your agent might not be able to give you a specific increase amount until your actual renewal, but it's worth a shot.