In term of politics, Athens was a experimental democracy and Spartan an "agonistic" society. See "Agon" a Greek concept having to do with excellence. In short, Sparta was the polar opposite of...
Sparta was a very warring country, at an early age they would train children for war. Athens was more of an education based country, and they would spend long days studying philosophy and mathematics.
They both had different political views Athens had a more free life style but Spartans started to train for the military at the age of 7. Spartans didn't care about education if it wasn't about...
During the Dark Ages of ancient Greece, the two were indistinguishable. Small city-states that we know very little about with complex tribal beliefs and a king called a basileus. During the Archaic...
Athens had a port on the Aegean Sea, and was exposed to many different cultures - through trade, for instance. Sparta was landlocked, in the middle of the Pelopponesian peninsula, and thrived on its...