Answer:
Depends entirely on which Jews you are talking about, and where they went after the war. Some Jews were able to return to their homes and families (in some places in Western Europe, and in Italy), but most returned to decimated communities (Eastern Europe) or even hostile local communities (Eastern Europe). Many Jews were stateless and unable to leave Europe even though they wanted to (neither the U.S. nor the British in Palestine would allow them to immigrate) and were stuck in "displaced Persons" (D.P.) camps for years after the war.
In terms of their faith: many Jews were already secular and assimilated before the war and continued this path after the war, in some case (re) marrying non-Jews and so forth. In some cases, they lived active Jewish cultural lives, but were not interested being part of religious communities. Many previously observant Jews lost their faith, while a small group became more observant.
In terms of their psychological welfare - they received no help the first few decades after the war, no one wanted to hear about what had happened to them.