Cesare Beccaria (1738-1794) was an Italian philosopher and politician. He is famous for his book "Dei Delitti e Delle Penne" (On Crime and Punishment) in which he argued against capital punishment.
FROM THE BILL OF RIGHTS Amendment 6: In all criminal prosecutions [trials], the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial [not biased] jury of the State and distract...