Answer:
The name comes from a French doctor and member of the National Assembly, Joseph-Ignace Guillotin who was instrumental in passing a law requiring all sentences of death to be carried out "by means of a machine," so that execution by decapitation would no longer be confined to nobles and executions would be as painless as possible. The last execution by guillotine in France took place in 1977, 163 years after Joseph Guillotin's death.