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How was the motor of an old submarine operated underwater?

Updated: 8/17/2019
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All pre-Nuclear submarines were operated underwater by Electric motors connected by to the main propeller shaft. Even today, modern nuclear submarines have an emergency electric motor connected to the shaft as a backup.

The motor was powered by DC Batteries taking up much space in the lower decks of the boat. Prior to the development of the submarine snorkel, older submarines were required to surface and start their Diesel Engines in order to recharge their batteries. Even today, modern submarines typically use a Diesel-generator to recharge the Batteries, as they are crucial to any emergency/casualty situation on board if the situation requires Reactor shutdown or scram.

Modern Diesel-Electric submarines still use the same method of propulsion as the older boats did - electric motors powered by DC batteries that are recharged by Diesel Engines. The difference is that today's battery technology has given newer DE's the capability of much longer submergence times before recharge is required. Where hours were required in earlier boats, weeks can pass before a modern DE needs to recharge.

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Q: How was the motor of an old submarine operated underwater?
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