Average velocity is simply the difference in position, divided by the time. Since you use the word "velocity" rather than "speed", a direction must be indicated. Exapmle: If you drive 100 km. due North, during 2 hours, your average velocity is 50km. per hour due North.
A change in velocity is acceleration, and would be studied by a physicist or a mechanical engineer.
Only if the velocity is constant.
If the velocity is constant (i.e., there is no acceleration). Terminal velocity is an example, although any constant velocity would fit this description.
Not directly. acceleration is the rate at which velocity changes, but unless near light-speed the only reason velocity would cause any difference to acceleration would be due to forces which are proportional to velocity, such as drag or friction. Near the speed of light time bends so a body would, compared to the rest of the universe, appear to decelerate so as to reach a maximum velocity of the speed of light.
A round-trip to school and back
A change in velocity is acceleration, and would be studied by a physicist or a mechanical engineer.
Time between an event and a reference time (usually zero)
Only if the velocity is constant.
its the velocity
If the velocity is constant (i.e., there is no acceleration). Terminal velocity is an example, although any constant velocity would fit this description.
Not directly. acceleration is the rate at which velocity changes, but unless near light-speed the only reason velocity would cause any difference to acceleration would be due to forces which are proportional to velocity, such as drag or friction. Near the speed of light time bends so a body would, compared to the rest of the universe, appear to decelerate so as to reach a maximum velocity of the speed of light.
It would depend on what that velocity was.
A round-trip to school and back
A scientist that studies motion, forces and energy would be called a physicist.
You can calculate average speed by dividing the total distance travelled by the total time of travel. To go from speed to velocity, you would also need to determine the vector (direction of travel).
A physicist specialized in aerodynamics
velocity is just a general term for speed (it could be average velocity or instantaneous velocity). Instantaneous velocity/speed (same thing) is the speed at that second. If you are familiar with calculus, it is the derivative of the position graph. Whereas average velocity is how fast the object is going in, for example, 1 hour, it is the speed that is maintained the whole hour (or the average) Instantaneous would be that at the second, at for example t=1.425, the speed is 24m/h . something along those lines