Yes, if it is court ordered support. All debts must be paid out of the estate before any distributions are made.
If an estate claim is filed, yes, but there may be one or more creditors with higher priority.
Generally, no. Although child support is for the child, it is payable to the custodian and/or the State.
No. The money isn't for the mother. The money is for supporting the child. Back child support belongs to the estate of the deceased and will eventually benefit the child. And even if the child should die, the back child support does not go away.
No, you are not responsible for their back child support.
The debt is still owed to the deceased's estate, consider it an obligation towards the child rather than the deceased. Since the child is over 18, and since this payment is free from clams of creditors against the estate, the back payment will most likely be disbursed straight to the child.
Only if the owed parent is deceased
Yes if she follows the right steps. She should file for a lien for the arrearages through the family court and file the lien against the estate as soon as possible.
The exact procedure depends on your state of residence, but generally, if there are assets in the deceased parent's estate, they will be filed in the probate court in his county of residence and you will need to file a claim for diversion of assets. You should consult an attorney, a child support advocate or the clerk of the family and/or probate court.
You attach his estate
Place a lien on his estate
Only if the obligee parent releases the claim or is deceased.
You should visit the court and ask to speak with Child Support Enforcement. You can file a claim in the estate.
Essentially, yes, the estate has to settle all debts. That includes the sale of assets.
There is no relationship between the two items. Up to 85% of the survivor's benefits may be taxable, depending on your other income. You could probably sue the estate, if there is one, for the back child support. I suggest you consult an attorney about this matter.