If you are in the USA on an expired tourist visa for more than a year is there any way to obtain a student visa without going home first?

Answer

There is current legislation that is being debated in Congress right now. It is called the DREAM ACT and it authorizes illegal or "out of status" students to continue their education into College. However you must between ages 12-35 when the law is enacted, have good moral values, resided at least 5 years in the US, and must have graduated high school or obtained a GED. You will not qualify if you've committed any crimes before or during the granted Conditional Residence Period.  

Answer

Visas can only be issued outside the US. You can try and adjust status, but since you are out of status and therefor living illegally in the US, it will be denied. Depart the US, and try again. If you go to a public school or take any sort of public assistance it will drastically hurt your case.  

Answer

It seems that you don't understand the idea of " folowing the rules ".
You have stayed in the USA illegally, and broken the law, now you want to try to get something else ? Why should the USA do you any favours ?
Follow the laws, be truthfull and perhaps, someday, you will be allowed to re-enter the USA, on a legal passport, and with the proper type of visa.

 

Answer

Depending on which state you live in, there are ways for you to attend both high school and public college/university without a student visa. I think there are about 6 - 8 states that have the law that enable you to do so . You will have to do research(on the internet) to see whether your state allows it. If it doesn't you can move to one that has this law . You can go to high school immediately BUT to attend college, you have to have lived in the state for atleast 3 years prior to admissions.

The only fall back to this way of getting education is that there is not provisions to help you after you graduate with your degree. Till the laws change, you will be on your own here in the US . Goodluck and don't give up.
Otherwise, I am not sure how to go about changing your status to go to school with a valid visa.