With an injunction
They need to be modified. see link
Only with permission from the other parent and the court.
Just on vacation should be fine but he would need your permission if the court order can not be fulfilled or if he moves with the child.
The guidelines are basically the same in every state but obviously there are a few minor differences. Joint custody consists of Primary Custody & Secondary Custody. The parent with primary custody is who the child lives with & the other parent has secondary custody. Depending on the age of the child & the state in which they reside, the court may let them determine where they choose to live. Or if both parents agree on the child's decision then the child can live with either parent.
As long as they have the other parents permission i think.
You may since sole custody implies the child lives with that parent 100% of the time. With joint custody the child may dwell with the other parent for part of the time or with one parent all of the time with visitations for the other parent. It depends on the details and the state child support guidelines.
Not without a change in the orders, but Joint Physical cannot be applied either.
Joint custody is a court order whereby custody of a child is awarded to both parties. In joint custody both parents are "custodial parents" and neither parent is a non-custodial parents, or in other words the child has two custodial parents.
Not without permission of the judge/court where the custodial order was issued.
The other parent could get sole custody.
Assuming the parent has custody, yes.
No, you can't, especially if you have joint custody, that will be considered parental kidnapping.