I doubt it - HIPAA privacy and all.
No. Your short term disability insurance company will determine if it is a covered event. All your employer needs to know is that it is a qualifying event. A good HR department would never ask and would not want to know why. There exposure to privacy law violations would be way to high.
Not in most states, especially if it is a right-to-work state. The employer can terminate your employment for any reason that is not specifically prohibited by law i.e. race, religion, sex, disability, etc.
In theory, an employer can not terminate an employee out on disability, assuming you provided sufficient documentation. If you think you've been wrongly terminated, then I'd contact the EEOC. They can provide you with more info and point you in the right direction.
Legally, no, an employer should not lay off anyone after disability. However, it does happen. It particularly happens if the employee can no longer do his or her job correctly because of his or her disability.
no VAcation is a gift from the employer, who can set any rules for requesting and justifying leave. Certainly race, sex, age, and disability cannot enter into it, but nothing pervents the boss from asking you to justify.
An employer can fire an employee for any reason at all and need not explain to the former employee. Firing an employee for personal reasons that do not involve race, sex, age, religion, or disability is perfectly legal for employers of any size.
The amount your employer pays for the cost of your group Disability insurance is uncertain. Some companies will pay for the full premium, others pay for 50% and some will not pay any of the premium but offer coverage on a voluntary basis instead. You should also know that if your employer pays for your group Disability benefits, the benefits will be paid on a taxable basis. Hence the 60% benefit you expect to receive will be taxed and reduced to more like 45% income replacement. For this reason, many employees in this situation, such as Federal employees, will purchase supplemental coverage on the individual market. In order to find out what percentage of the cost your employer pays, you must ask or review your benefits program brochure, if you are provided one.
They need a good reason to fire you.
Unfortunately, if you are an at-will employee (no union affiliation, no contract), your employer can terminate you for a good reason, a bad reason, or no reason at all.
You might get a job offer over the phone.
If you were doing your job there would be no reason for your employer to threaten to fire you.
An employer can dismiss an employee at any time for any reason or no reason, except when the firing violates a statute or contract.
An employer need not have good reason for firing you, or any reason at all.