Answer:
Short answer: No, HTML is a full blown language, and frameworks are large libraries of code written IN a language that can extend its capabilities.
Longer answer:
HTML (Hyper-Text Markup Language) is a programming language, of sorts. Programming languages have syntax features. They have standards. They have a specific engine backing them that allows them to function. When you write code in a language, the application compiling and/or rendering it knows exactly how to handle the code, what the syntax means, etc. Languages define basic structure and syntax, such as how a for loop forks, what an if/then statement does, how variables are declared, defined, and set, and so on.
A Framework, on the other hand, provides various methods on top of a language. A framework cannot redefine what an if/then statement does, nor can it provide new ways to declare variables. What a framework CAN do is simplify your life with a language. While HTML (language) will provide you everything you need to draw elements on the screen and fill them with content, a framework will provide you with the tools to, say, use a single line of Javascript to create a rounded corners HTML table, which, using your own HTML, is incredibly tedious.
Javascript is another example of a language. JQuery is an example of a framework that runs on top of Javascript. Javascript defines if/thens, for loops, data types, and so forth, as well as basic methods to interact with the HTML on top of which it runs. However, JQuery provides features that allow you to call a single Javascript function that they created that will find an HTML element, and animate it - it does the dirty work of setting up the timers, knowing how to fade the element in/out, move it up/down, etc, in a way that works in all the browsers, so that you don't have to.