In short, yes you can, but some devices require more power than others to function properly so you may see a drop in performance or range but yes, the device SHOULD function to a reasonable extent...
The only parallel to USB adapter I've seen is one which allows you to hook up a parallel printer to a USB port on the computer. You could not use that manner to create USB ports.
Acts just like a modem that you would plug into a PCI slot but it's external and portable and you can simply plug it into a USB slot onto your computer.