Frederick Hoyle proposed the steady state theory, which postulated that new matter was created at the "center" of the universe, and extinguished on its periphery (or not). The universe expanded so that the distribution remained somewhat constant.
The discovery of the echo of the big bang (microwave background radiation (MBR), aka cosmic background radiation (CBR)) delivered a technical knock out to all competing cosmologies. Fred did a lot of work to try to revive his theory, and others have worked on it or similar cosmologies (such as Halton Arp). None have proven nearly as successful, and there is no reason to believe the universe violates the conservation of matter/energy.
Now, it turns out there is vacuum energy from what is known as the Casimir Effect. New matter DOES simply wink into existence, in what is known as "quantum foam." This does not violate mass/energy conservation because, on macrocosmic scales, the overall mass/energy content remains constant. Particles also simply disappear, or wink out of existence, to make up for those that come to. Or, those that appear abruptly vanish when their work is done.
So although virtual particles wink into existence, and do so all the time, we don't really claim new matter is created, because those particles tend to be ephemeral, or when they aren't, their sudden appearance is accompanied by the disappearance of other matter.
no, acording to the big bang theory when the universe was created there was only a certain amount of energy that turned into matter; long story short it is the same amount of matter but in zero gravity the energy from the big bang is still pushing everything outward. since space itself is not matter the universe is not gettiin bigger but the stuff inside it is moving further apart.
God, who created the universe.
The smallest point of matter capable of being in the universe.
Spiritual creationism is the teaching but forward by Mary Baker Eddy the founder of Christian Science. Everything in the universe is created spiritually in the image and likeness of God. There is no matter, matter is an illusion, matter being a counterfeit of the spiritual reality. Matter is unreal. All is Spirit.
One of the beliefs of the Aglipayan church is that God is the principle of life and movement. The church also believes that the universe was developed and not created as they believe matter has no being.
It is believed that about 4% of the mass in the Universe is normal matter. About 23% is dark matter (matter of unknown composition), the remainder being something even more mysterious called dark energy. I suggest searching the Wikipedia for "dark matter" and "dark energy", for more details about both.
The youngest parts of the Earth's crust are found in the oceanic crust. This crust is continuously being created at the mid-oceanic ridges.
God is a spirit being and as such has no need to stand on anything.
God created them long before the Universe even existed.
Lord Shiva represents the aspect of the Supreme Being (Brahman of the Upanishads) that continuously dissolves to recreate in the cyclic process of creation, preservation, dissolution and recreation of the universe.
I think you mean the steady state theory. This is the idea that new matter is constantly being created as the universe expands. We now have evidence that the big bang theory is a far more likely one.
besides religeous, ithink the big bang theory is the closest It is now generally accepted that the Universe started with a Big Bang; a huge explosion, all current matter originally being concentrated in an extremely small space. Even space itself has been expanding after that. What brought this Big Bang into being is currently unknown. The religious explanations you are not interested in, after all, are not a complete answer: for those who believe in God, it is not enough to know that God created the Universe, some of us also want to know how He did it!