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Frederick Hoyle proposed the steady state theory, which postulated that new matter was created at the "center" of the universe, and extinguished on its periphery (or not). The universe expanded so that the distribution remained somewhat constant.

The discovery of the echo of the big bang (microwave background radiation (MBR), aka cosmic background radiation (CBR)) delivered a technical knock out to all competing cosmologies. Fred did a lot of work to try to revive his theory, and others have worked on it or similar cosmologies (such as Halton Arp). None have proven nearly as successful, and there is no reason to believe the universe violates the conservation of matter/energy.

Now, it turns out there is vacuum energy from what is known as the Casimir Effect. New matter DOES simply wink into existence, in what is known as "quantum foam." This does not violate mass/energy conservation because, on macrocosmic scales, the overall mass/energy content remains constant. Particles also simply disappear, or wink out of existence, to make up for those that come to. Or, those that appear abruptly vanish when their work is done.

So although virtual particles wink into existence, and do so all the time, we don't really claim new matter is created, because those particles tend to be ephemeral, or when they aren't, their sudden appearance is accompanied by the disappearance of other matter.

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Q: Is new matter continuously being created in the universe?
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