Is temperature affected by mass?

Perhaps you mean 'who discovered that thermal properties of materials vary with the temperature at which the measurement is done'. I don't know of a specific answer, but almost anyone who made a...

i dunknow

Temperature often affects the volume of something, and that would affect the density. However, if you put a gas in a sealed container, you could raise the temperature without affecting the density.

Yes

If the temperature goes up, the pitch of woodwind instruments go up too, but the pitch of string instruments go down.