They're not. Each meridian of longitude starts at one of the earth's poles and ends at the other pole, so they're semi-circles. If you take a meridian and hook it up with the meridian exactly 180...
A "great circle" is any circle on a sphere whose center is also the center of the sphere. The shortest distance between two points on the surface of a sphere is a piece of the great circle on which...
A small circle is a simple circle on a two dimensional plane. The great circle is the circle around a sphere that is on the plane that intersects with the center of the sphere. It is the reason that...