Not in the original Fable, or Fable, the Lost Chapters.
There is one in Fable 2, located in Bloodstone (it is the start point of the quest "T.O.B.Y", and is not a real temple, just a house (You can buy it later on in the game))
you can only buy 1 of them the temple of shadows or the temple of light to buy the temple of light you have to complete the defender of the light quest and once you come back from the spire go to the...
Go to Oakfield and and look for the woodcutting job then follow the path leading out. turn, and take the first right on the way out leading to a castle.