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All modern submarines have torpedo countermeasures, and also rely on speed to maintain distance if the boat is fast enough. However, to be perfectly honest, those of us who have served in the Submarine Force know the reality - countermeasures are more a mental object than a realistic tool. It's akin to a Submarine's Escape Trunk. Great if you're in shallow water around coastal areas, but open ocean depths far exceed the limits of what a submarine can withstand.

The primary countermeasures typically used are what was seen in the movie Red October. They're essentially noisemakers designed to fool the passive sonar aboard the tracking torpedo. However, if a torpedo has an active sonar lock on the target, it's unlikely the target will be able to evade successfully.

The CM's are often called "Fizzies" or "Alka-Seltzer" because they cause bubbles in the water, and bubbles can interfere with passive sonar. However, it isn't as effective against active sonar.

Modern torpedoes are also wire guided, like the Army's TOW missile. It can be manually guided to the target if the attacking boat still has a target solution and the torpedo hasn't yet acquired a target lock.

The location and sound properties of the tactical area is the best weapon against a torpedo, as all sonar is based on sound travel through water. Certain ocean properties (temperature) can be used to evade an attacking weapon. Sound travels at different speeds in different temperatures, and this knowledge can be used to hinder the attacking boat's target solution.

However, in my own personal experience, once a modern torpedo has an active lock on you, prayer is about the only thing you can rely on.

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Q: Is there an anti-torpedo counter measure?
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