The Islamic world is responsible for Algebra, hospitals, the basic understanding of the eye and germs, building dome structures and stories like the Arabian Nights.
All groups of ancient people were the foundation of our present various cultures. To get a specific answer, you would have to research the individual civilizations, such as the Jews, Greeks, Romans,...
there is great contribution of various thinkers at global level. few among them are as follow.
G. S. Ghurye : Ghurye caste and Race
Professor Govind. Sadashive Ghurye first Indian sociologist who...