Loss of water held in gel spores that causes the change in volume.
It is a function of the fineness and gel.
Cement paste shrinks more than cement mortar and cement mortar shrinks more than...
Concrete naturally shrinks as it cures. If the pour is large enough, cracks WILL occur. Structural designers introduce so-called "control joints" in large pours so that cracking either does not...
Calcium stearate is used to control effloresence in concrete. I don't believe there is any effect on shrinkage. However, it is often added to other concrete admixtures, like water reducers. Those...
Pumps consist basically of pressure vessels and equipments for supplying compressed air.
Concrete is delivered in to the pressure vessel and the vessel sealed tightly.
Compressed air is then...