Alchemists were the first chemists. Using chemicals and magic, they attempted to turn lead into gold, and to create the philosopher's stone.
Yes, it is...if the shot is made. If the player is fouled on the shot attempt and misses the shot then it is not recorded as an attempt.
After the revolution the US stated that any attempt to colonize the western hemisphere would not be tolerated, and would be dealt with militarily.
The French colonial attempts were mainly by force, while Spanish colonial attempts employed things like bribery, mainly using newly developed things such as maracas, enchiladas, and lawn mowers.