As a result of his continuing insistence on non-conformity, Bartleby dies in prison.
The narrator (the lawyer) would seem to be the protagonist, and Bartleby the literal antagonist. But Bartleby could be considered the "anti-hero", as modern writers term an unsympathetic focal...
It was speculated by the narrator that the man had worked in the dead letter office and was filled with a hopelessness for life.
Herman Melville
The narrator (the lawyer, Bartleby's employer) considers his chief characteristics to be "prudence" and "method".