Before the 19th century First, the pioneer of mechanical computer age In Western Europe, the Middle Ages into the Renaissance, social change, greatly promoted the development of natural science and...
Ada Augusta Countess of Lovelace, however the program never ran because the computer was never built to run it.
Because you need to learn something simple first. And it doesn't get much simpler than printing out some text?
Bootstrap.
Can't say exactly, probably a test program to verify proper operation of the computer.