won a gold medal
A Rhodes scholar is someone who has won the international scholarship to study at the University of Oxford in England.
Feingold, Lugar, and Vitter all were Rhodes Scholars. I'm not sure if there are others.
Joan Leopold was the first American Rhodes Fellow (1972-74) at Oxford University (Lady Margaret Hall). This was before the Rhodes Scholarships were opened to women. It was a faculty-level position.
Yes, awarded in 1995