A compass and a map of the world.
Gimbel-mounted compass.
Astrolabe.
Aircraft and ships use GPS locators for precise positioning.
Paris
Matthew Maury
An astrolobe which is an instrument that measured the position of the stars , and the magnetic compass helped determine the ships approximate location.
There was no "captain" for the astrolabe. It was navigational tool used on the ships to guide them. The captain of the ship or the pilot used it.
Navigational instruments aid in determining the speed, position and direction of a sea craft. Examples of these devices are chip logs, parallel rules, sounding lines, dividers and nautical almanacs.
Though he did not explore anything himself, he funded many expiditions and invented new inventions and navigational tools to help ships get to Asia.
the ships and the nevigational instrument astrolabe it uses the postion of the sun to determine direction latitude and local time
plot the ships position
superior ships and navigational equipment
maps, diaries and new ships
Astrolabe or Sextant