Answer:
The "Jewish celebrations" are listed in Leviticus 23.
The Bible calls them the "Feasts of the Lord"... not the "Jews":
"...say unto them, Concerning the Feasts of the Lord, which ye shall proclaim to be holy convocations [assemblies], even these are My Feasts." (Lev.23:2)
However, the Jews are, primarily, the only ones keeping them today, with a smattering of others who recognize them as all "Christ-centered" observances [Jesus Christ, being the Creator God of the Old Testament who made all things - John 1:3].
Besides the weekly seventh-day Sabbath... the "annual feasts" in Leviticus 23 are also called "Sabbaths" or "High Day Sabbaths."
They are divided into two seasonal groups; 1)- the spring or early harvest season: The Passover, the Days of Unleavened Bread, Pentecost. And 2)- the fall or latter day harvest season: the Feast of Trumpets, the Day of Atonement, the Feast of Tabernacles, and the Last Great Day.
There are seven of them... and they reveal the "plan of God" to those with the eyes to see. But WHEN they fall varies each year... because God's year begins in the "Spring" [when life begins anew] -- which may be early or late from year to year.
The world today doesn't set its clocks by God's time table... but some calendars may have the "Jewish" celebrations included on them... and the Internet has many an offering on it to track down when they fall in any given year.
There are other "celebrations" which the Jews have instituted as the generations passed... and some are recorded in some of the Bible's historical accounts. But the ones that God commands of His people are found in Leviticus 23.