Answer:
PLEASE SEE THE RELATED QUESTION
This is a list of Supreme Court justices who were not lower court judges at the time of nomination (occupation at nomination is listed). Some had served as judges in the state or federal court system at earlier dates. For a list of justices who never served as judges prior to joining the US Supreme Court, see Related Links, below.
Chief Justices
John Jay..............................Envoy, Ambassador
John Marshall.......................Secretary of State
Roger Taney.........................Secretary of the Treasury
Salmon Chase......................Secretary of the Treasury
Morrison Waite.....................President, Ohio Constitutional Convention
Melville Fuller.......................Lawyer
Edward White.......................Senator
William Howard Taft..............Law Professor (former US President)
Charles Hughes....................US delegate to the Permanent Court of Arbitration (The Hague)
Harlan Stone........................Associate Justice, US Supreme Court
Fred Vinson..........................Secretary of the Treasury
Earl Warren..........................Governor, California
Associate Justices
James Wilson......................Member, Continental Congress
William Paterson.................Governor and Chancellor, New Jersey
Bushrod Washington............Lawyer
Joseph Story.......................Speaker, Massachusetts Lower House
Smith Thompson.................Secretary of the Navy
John McLean......................US Postmaster General
Henry Baldwin....................Lawyer
James M. Wayne.................House of Representatives
John Catron.......................Lawyer
John McKinley.....................House of Representatives
Samuel Nelson....................Lawyer
Levi Woodbury....................Senator
Benjamin Curtis..................Massachusetts State Legislature
John Campbell....................Lawyer
Nathan Clifford...................Lawyer
Noah Swayne.....................Lawyer
Samuel Miller......................Lawyer
Joseph Bradley....................Lawyer
John M. Harlan (I)...............Lawyer
Stanley Matthews................Senator
Lucius Lamar.......................Secretary of the Interior
Joseph McKenna..................US Attorney General
George Shiras, Jr.................Lawyer
William Henry Moody............US Attorney General
Joseph Rucker Lamar...........Lawyer
Mahlon Pitney.....................Chancellor, NJ Supreme Court
James McReynolds...............US Attorney General
Louis Brandeis.....................Lawyer
George Sutherland...............US Consul at The Hague
Pierce Butler........................Regent of University of Minnesota, Lawyer
Owen Roberts......................Special US Attorney, Investigating Harding Administration
Hugo L. Black......................Senator
Stanley Forman Reed...........Solicitor General
Felix Frankfurter..................Law Professor, Harvard
William O. Douglas...............Chairman of SEC
Frank Murphy......................US Attorney General
James Francis Byrnes...........Senator
Robert H. Jackson................US Attorney General
Harold Hitz Burton...............Senator
Tom C. Clark.......................US Attorney General
Byron White........................Deputy Attorney General
Arthur J. Goldberg...............Secretary of Labor
Abe Fortas..........................Lawyer
Thurgood Marshall...............US Solicitor General
Lewis F. Powell....................Lawyer