There is no minimum age for a passenger in California. However, foot pegs must be provided for the passenger and their feet should rest comfortably on them, with both feet touching.
According to an email between myself and the Texas Department of Motorcycle Safety (dated October 2010): "A passenger on a motorcycle must be at least 5 years old. Texas Transportation code Sec....
According to the California Driver's Handbook, issued by the California Department of Motor Vehicles, you may obtain your learner's permit without prior driver's ed training at the age of 17 1/2....