What amendments reversed US Supreme Court decisions?

Answer 1

There have been 27 amendments to the U.S. Constitution since that document was ratified in 1789. 7 of them can be reasonably interpreted as directly superseding a previous ruling of the Supreme Court.

The 11th Amendment, ratified in 1794, states that sovereign immunity applies to the states, with respect to lawsuits by people from other states or countries. This amendment was a direct response to Chisholm v. Georgia, 2 U.S. 419 (1793), which held that the states do not enjoy sovereign immunity.

The 13th Amendment, which abolished slavery, and the 14th Amendment, which guaranteed all persons born or naturalized in the U.S., regardless of their race or past status as slaves, equal protection under the law, were responses to Dred Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. 393 (1857), an infamous case which held that slaves, and their descendants, could never be citizens and were not protected by the Constitution.

The 16th Amendment, ratified in 1913, which allowed Congress to levy an income tax. This Amendment overruled Pollock v. Farmers' Loan and Trust Co., 157 U.S. 429 (1895), which held that the federal government did not have the constitutional authority to levy an income tax.

The 19th Amendment, ratified in 1920. which guaranteed women the right to vote in all elections (though some states had already allowed women to vote decades before this amendment), was a response to United States v. Anthony, (1873) an Eighth Circuit case which held that states could deny the franchise to women if they so chose.

The 24th and 26th Amendments, which prohibited states from collecting poll taxes, and required them to lower the voting age to 18, respectively, were a response to several cases limiting Congress' ability to interfere with how states conduct elections.

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