Dogs
It seems like an obvious question, but it's NOT the canary. They're named after dogs, from the Latin root that gives us "canine." .The islands' name is likely derived from the Latin term Insula...
The Canary
The name Canary Islands in the ATLATIC is probably derived from the Latin Insula Canaria or Island of the Dog".
The canary islands are actually named after dogs, the Latin for dog being canis, canis (c).