Toxicology is an area where chromatography is used. Separating and identifying different drugs of abuse.
In sports medicine, any illegal drugs will be picked up using chromatographic techniques. (eg Gas chromatography)
Electrophoresis, a chromatographic technique, was used by Linus Pauling to separate and study haemoglobin S, which causes sickling in red cells of afflicted individuals.
Just a couple of hundreds of techniques and methods