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What are Newton laws of motion?

Updated: 4/28/2022
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Newton's Laws of Motion*

  1. A body at rest will remain at rest, and one in motion will remain in motion, until and unless acted upon by an external unbalanced force. (Law of inertia)
  2. The rate of change of momentum, acceleration (a), of a body (m), is proportional to the resultant force (F) acting on the body in the same direction as the resultant force. (F = ma)
  3. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

* These laws apply only at speeds not approaching the speed of light and do not apply to sub-atomic particles.

Related Information:

Newton's Laws of Motion is One Principle: The conservation of Gravitational Energy. Newton did not include all the gravitational energy. He did not include the vector(dark) energy, mcV. The total gravitational energy is E= -GmM/r + mcV = -mu/r + mcV. The conservation of Energy gives all of Newtons Laws of Motion. This is achieved by deriving the force equation as the derivative of the energy:

Force = (d/dr + Del)(-mu/r + mcV) = m ((u/r^2 - cv/r cos(v)) + m(dcV/dr -Del u/r +cDelxV)

Force = m ((v^2/r -cv/r cos(v)) + (dcV/dr + v^2/r R' + cv/r sin(v)T')) = ma

Setting force to zero gives the conservation of energy and all of Newton's Laws of Motion:

0= Force = ma=m ((v^2/r -cv/r cos(v)) + (dcV/dr + v^2/r R' + cv/r sin(v)T'))

0 = ((v^2/r -cv/r cos(v)) and 0 = (-cv/r V' + cv/r cos(v) R' + cv/r sin(v)T'))

v/c= cos(v) and 0 = (-V' + R'cos(v) + T'sin(v) )

Note: These laws apply at the speed of light where cos(v) = v/c =1 and sin(v) = 0. At the speed of light the forces are radial and not transverse, V'=R' and Energy= mc^2.

Newton did not include the vector energy mcV in his gravity law but he added it in his other force laws as mdV/dt,which is mdcV/dr = mcdV/cdt = mdV/dt.

In Newton's second law of motion: The relationship between an object's mass m, its acceleration a, and the applied force F is F = ma. Acceleration and force are vectors. In this law the direction of the force vector is the same as the direction of the acceleration vector.

Third law of motion: For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

At the Boundary Condition or Conservation of energy, sin(V)=0. This is necessary for the vector forces to sum to zero. The sin(v) indicates a vector perpendicular to the other two vector forces, thus they could not sum to zero unless sin(v) = 0 and cos(V) = 1. Thus the equal and opposite forces.
Isaac newton (1643-1727) authored Three Laws of Motion :

1) Every object in a state of rest or a state of uniform motion tends to remain in that state unless an external force is applied to it.

2) The relationship between an object's mass m, its acceleration a, and the applied force F is F = ma. Acceleration and force are vectors (as indicated by their symbols being displayed in slant bold font); in this law the direction of the force vector is the same as the direction of the acceleration vector.

3) For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

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Three laws of motion, them being:

  1. In the absence of a net force, the center of mass of a body either is at rest or moves at a constant velocity.
  2. A body experiencing a force F experiences an acceleration a related to F by F = ma, where m is the mass of the body. Alternatively, force is equal to the time derivative of momentum.
  3. Whenever a first body exerts a force F on a second body, the second body exerts a force −F on the first body. F and −F are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.

1) Every body continues in its state of rest or of uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force.

2) The rate of change of momentum of a body is proportional to the impressed force and acts in the direction in which the force acts.

3) For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

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Newtons 1st law is; an object at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force. An object in motion continues in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. A.K.A the law of inertia.

Newtons 2nd law of motion is; Acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass. The greater the mass (of the object being accelerated) the greater the amount of force needed (to accelerate the object).

Newtons 3rd law is; for every action there is an equal and opposite re-action

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