What is the promlem of sickle-cell anemia?

Answer 1

sickle cell trait is a gene inherited from one parent which gives partial immunity to malaria and but is unlikely to develop into sickle cell anemia.

The same gene inherited from BOTH parents causes Sickle-cell anemia, a blood disorder in which the body produces abnormal type of hemoglobin in red blood cells and can be deadly.

Answer 2

Sickle-cell anaemia can lead to various complications, including: * Overwhelming post-(auto)splenectomy infection (OPSI), which is due to functional asplenia, caused by encapsulated organisms such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. * Stroke, which can result from a progressive vascular narrowing of blood vessels, preventing oxygen from reaching the brain. Cerebral infarction occurs in children, and cerebral hemorrhage in adults. * Cholelithiasis (gallstones) and cholecystitis, which may result from excessive bilirubin production and precipitation due to prolonged haemolysis. * Avascular necrosis (aseptic bone necrosis) of the hip and other major joints, which may occur as a result of ischemia. * Decreased immune reactions due to hyposplenism (malfunctioning of the spleen). * Priapism and infarction of the penis. * Osteomyelitis (bacterial bone infection), which is most frequently caused by Salmonella in individuals with sickle-cell disease, whereas Staphylococcus is the most common causative organism in the general population. * Opioid tolerance, which can occur as a normal, physiologic response to the therapeutic use of opiates. Addiction to opiates occurs no more commonly among individuals with sickle-cell disease than among other individuals treated with opiates for other reasons. * Acute papillary necrosis in the kidneys. * Leg ulcers. * In eyes, background retinopathy, proliferative retinopathy, vitreous haemorrhages and retinal detachments, resulting in blindness. Regular annual eye checks are recommended. * During pregnancy, intrauterine growth retardation, spontaneous abortion, and pre-eclampsia. * Chronic pain: Even in the absence of acute vaso-occlusive pain, many patients have chronic pain that is not reported * Pulmonary hypertension (increased pressure on the pulmonary artery), leading to strain on the right ventricle and a risk of heart failure; typical symptoms are shortness of breath, decreased exercise tolerance and episodes of syncope * Chronic renal failure - this develops in 4.2% and manifests itself with hypertension (high blood pressure), proteinuria (protein loss in the urine) and worsened anaemia.

Answer 3

Sickle cell trait occurs when a person inherits a sickle cell disease gene but does not develop symptoms. Sickle cell disease is a blood disorder in which the body produces an abnormal type of the oxygen-carrying substance hemoglobin in the red blood cells.

Normal hemoglobin is called hemoglobin A, but people with sickle cell disease have only hemoglobin S, which turns normal, round red blood cells into abnormally curved (sickle) shapes.

Normally, a person inherits two genes (one from each parent) that produce beta-globin, a protein needed to produce normal hemoglobin (hemoglobin A). A person with sickle cell trait inherits one normal beta-globin gene (hemoglobin A) and one defective gene (hemoglobin S).

People with sickle cell trait rarely have symptoms due to the condition because they also have some normal hemoglobin. But they can pass the sickle cell gene to their children.

A person in whom both beta-globin genes are abnormal (they produce hemoglobin S) has sickle cell disease, which can cause serious problems. Both parents must have either the sickle cell trait or the disease itself for a child to have sickle cell disease.

Answer 4

animia

delayed growth

frequent infections

episodes of pain

hand- foot syndrome

Answer 5

what is sickle cell anemia?what the problems does this effect people

Answer 6

Premature death. People with sickle cell anaemia rarely reach adulthood.

Answer 7

• immune system

• oxygen respiration

• blood circulation

• blood clotting

Answer 8

It is affected because it can give you chess pain .stomach pain ,and it can lower your breathing level .

Answer 9

It makes you sick.

Answer 10

Very little outside