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persians
The Battle of Thermopylae: The Persians won the Battle of Thermopylae against the Spartans, but it was a Pyrrhic Victory. The Battle of Salamis: This Naval Battle was critically won by the Athenians against the Persians. The Battle of Plataea: This Battle was won by the Alliance of Greek City States against the Persians.
Second Persian invasion of Greece happened in -480.
There were more than 5 Persian Wars each involved numerous areas and battles. One of the most famous battles though would be the Battle of Thermopylae. Which is where the 300 Spartans and 700 Thespians took their last stand against the estimated 300,000 Persians in the second invasion of Greece.
A decade.
Xerxes the great
No one.
They lost.
The Greek city-states which did not side with Persia.
They did - they provided the second strongest Greek contingent at the battle of Plataea, and after the Persian invasion was repelled, took over leadership for the next 30 years until the Persians agreed to peace.
The sea battle of Salamis had defeated the Persian fleet, but the Persian invasion army remained. By winning the land battle at Plataea and simultaneously the sea-land battle at Mycale, the Persian invasion was repelled.
After 50 years of warfare trying to enforce peace amongst the Greek city-states, the Persians agreed in 449 BCE to peace and left the Greek cities to go back to destroying each other, and turned their full attention to maintaining peace and prosperity within their empire. They intervened 60 years later, imposing the 'King's Peace' to stop these disruptions spilling over into their empire.