What are all the health issues that spayed female cats can have that makes them urinate anywhere but the littlerbox?

The cat could have a Urinary Infection (UTI). Passing urine will be painful for the cat, who will associate the pain with the litterbox, so will urinate elsewhere in attempt to relieve the discomfort. However, this is just one possibility. It is highly recommended that you take her to the vet immediately, who can diagnose and treat her.
UTI's are often cause by stress or dehydration. Many cats who are fed only dry food do not get enough water, causing the urine to become too concentrated and bacteria to form. In the cat of a UTI, most cats are put on a course of antibiotics and advised to be switched to a mainly wet food diet so that the cat gets an adequate moisture intake.