The
STRONG ACIDS (all dissociate completely in water) are:
Hydrochloric acid: HCl
Hydrobromic acid: HBr
Hydroiodic acdi: HI
sulfuric acid: H
2SO
4 (
See note no.3 at the end of this page)
Nitric acid: HNO
3 Perchloric acid: HClO
4 Some other acids that are sometimes considered strong are:
chloric acid (HClO
3), bromic acid (HBrO
3), perbromic acid (HBrO
4), iodic acid (HIO
3), and per-iodic acid (HIO
4).
The
STRONG BASES (all dissociate completely in water) are:
Lithium hydroxide: LiOH
Sodium hydroxide: NaOH
Potassium hydroxide: KOH
Rubidium hydroxide: RbOH
Cesium hydroxide: CsOH
Magnesium hydroxide: Mg(OH)
2 Calcium hydroxide: Ca(OH)
2 Strontium hydroxide: Sr(OH)
2 Barium hydroxide: Ba(OH)2
Notes:- In fact OH- by itself is the only strong base in water.
- The strong bases with 2 OH- groups, release BOTH when added to water, and so the concentration of OH- in solution is twice the concentration of the added base.
- In constrast, although sulfuric acid (H2SO4) has two H+(= 2 protons), only ONE proton is completely dissociated when added to water. The second proton contributes to a lesser degree to the acidity of a sulfuric acid solution, than the first.
(See also message no.2 on the discussion page for more nuance on this).