This is too wide a question. Go to the library and borrow a History of Art!
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Click the related link for a detailed country-wise list of Martial arts.
The list is huge and there are many variations on all the basic ones: Striking: Boxing Kickboxing Karate, Systema Ninjitsu Taekwondo Kung Fu Savate Grappling: ju jistsu judo aikido wrestling Hybrid:...
They have a variety of art from creativity to war.