they are not all black and blue. they change color by how bad they are. brown yellow and light green means that its not very bad as in purple blue and black are bad.
let it be until it goes away.
Because that is the blood underneath your skin trying to heal where you bumped into
because the bruise is blood under the skin..and the blood cells break down and realease chemicals that causes your skin to turn black and blue
Trauma or anything causing subdural bleeding.