What are effervescent waves?

They're exactly the same thing, except that they're longer.

Perpendicular. Light wave moves forward, the crests move at right angles to the wave

A p wave because it can move so fast with more force. P waves cause little damage, they are compressional waves. They are at a higher frequency and a lower amplitude than surface waves which are...

They're both electromagnetic radiation, differing only in wavelength (frequency),so their speed is the same.

transverse