Materials can enter the public domain when copyright term expires, protection is not renewed (renewals are not available for new works), the creator donates the work to the public domain, or the materials are a work of the US Government.
Materials enter the public domain if... Copyright term has expired Protection was not renewed (renewal is not available for new works) The creator voluntarily donated the work to the public domain...
Virtually everything published before 1923 is in the public domain as well as many works published before 1964 and not properly renewed or permitted to lapse
Works can arrive in the public domain in a number of ways: 1) Copyright can expire at the end of its natural term 2) Copyright was improperly or not renewed 3) Copyright was abrogated (voluntarily...
It varies based on the age of the item, the type, and the country of origin. For US materials, it can be helpful to work through the Hirtle chart, linked below.