Yes, it is used primarily in poetry. It's using two or more words with the same consonant sound. Like "Sally slipped softly on the seashore." Dumb sentence i know, but the S sound is the alliteration.
Foreshadowing is a term used for the literary technique of planting subtle (or not so subtle) hints of what is to come later. An example would be, if you plan to have an old school chum of the...
There are many many different types of literary techniques used in The Things They Carried by Tim O'Brien.
Of course, there are the obvious ones used in almost all novels: diction, parallel sentence...